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A study by the University of Murcia reveals that people with physical and / or sensory disability consider the institutional obstacles and the lack of social empathy as an important difficulty to undertake.
Pilar Ortiz García and Ángel Olaz Capitán analyze entrepreneurship in this group through a set of skills through the use of nominal group technique
The motivation to investigate this issue arises from the detection of a problem: the greatest difficulties for the labor insertion of the disabled.
The data of the study, obtained from the INE (National Institute of Statistics) of 2015, show an activity rate of 33.9%, compared to that of people without disabilities that exceeds 70%.
Even more outstanding figures when it is verified that of the 30 million people of working age, 1 400 000 have some type of disability.
The examination reveals that, at the time of undertaking, above the psychological aspects, political, institutional and cultural disadvantages stand out.
For example, the lack of specific training and information, the excessive and too generic bureaucratic procedures, together with the lack of specialized technical personnel or physical barriers.
"They recognize their problems of self-esteem but live with it every day, and we discovered that the lack of sensitivity on the part of administrations and society is practically the same as 50 years ago," the researchers clarify.
On the other hand, family aspects are given less importance, being also an ambivalent element.
That is, both for people with and without disabilities the family can be an aid or an obstacle to entrepreneurship.
Also, the analysis defines the difficulties to integrate into the market through self-employment and the most appropriate ways to solve them.
For this purpose, the researchers give a twist to the nominal group technique (TGN).
This method consists of the discussion of topics, with the particularity of seeking consensus in the assessments.
"Our contribution seeks to add elements that allow us to quantify and size the different variables," explains Olaz Capitán.
In this way, the participants themselves provide the answers to the questions raised throughout the process.
To this end, we have managed a significant sample of structural character that covers four groups of people with disabilities;
professionals related to this field (social workers, psychologists ...);
managers and representatives of associations and, also, technicians related to disability in this field.
Make visible, normalize and adapt
In the challenge of dimensioning the competences to determine which inhibit or favor entrepreneurship, the ECI (Emotional Competence Inventory) test was adapted.
Among those that improve the process of entrepreneurship are identified such as optimism, emotional awareness, self-confidence or empathy.
The latter is key, since the environment should favor adaptation and the approach to the real world.
It also highlights emotional awareness, self-confidence or teamwork.
"In terms of cooperation, many times the person does it on an individual basis or with the support of his closest acquaintances, but we have no experience that there have been major projects," says the sociologist.
The team of entrepreneurship, competition and disability concludes that standardization is essential.
"We have to go out into the street and carry out very specific visibility actions, associations have a great potential to raise awareness of this problem, we from the academic point of view make a spark, but we need institutions, associations and the media speakers, "the researchers claim.
Pilar Ortiz illustrates the question through her experience: "I saw myself reflected in the large social group that does not know the problem and the capacity of this group." My first sensation was: you do not know anything about the potential, nor about the strength and problems he faces. "
Salvador Manzanera-Román, coordinator of this phase of the research, emphasizes in a positive light on "the competencies, skills and knowledge they possess, we all have the same potential and the same capacity to build our life plan".
The expert emphasizes that what is really necessary are measures as concrete economic resources when it comes to choosing funds or training in something as useful and necessary as managing a computer program.
Conceptually, disability is an important limitation that does not allow activities of daily life, which extends over a year and has its origin in some kind of deficiency.
There are three types of disability: motor and visceral (incorrect functioning of the internal organs), sensory (sight and hearing) and psychic (intellectual and mental disorders).
Source: Universidad de Murcia
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