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Pilar Ortiz García and Ángel Olaz Capitán, researchers from the University of Murcia (UMU), address labor entrepreneurship in people with disabilities in a study.
A study by the University of Murcia shows that people with physical and / or sensory disabilities consider, as well as institutional obstacles, the lack of confidence as the main aspects that hinder entrepreneurship.
The team of researchers led by Pilar Ortiz García and Ángel Olaz Capitán, analyze the entrepreneurship of this group through a series of competences within the framework of the project 'Disability and Entrepreneurship.
Competence Analysis.
Likewise, they highlight the main limitations for these entrepreneurs, such as the lack of financing lines and of particular resources for each type of disability.
Therefore, the existence of more human and technical resources is necessary, the representatives of associations insist, as is the case of sign language translators.
Similarly, the results show a lack in the training offer of entrepreneurship adapted to this group.
In the qualitative phase of the study, the most important dimensions have been identified that, whether as limiting or incentive effects, affect the capacity to undertake of people with disabilities.
This is the reason for the latest data collected by the National Institute of Statistics (INE), which for 2016, collected an activity rate of people with disabilities of 32%, while that of people without disabilities is 78%.
Researchers qualify: when talking about entrepreneurship as self-employment, according to the same INE data, the rate of people with disabilities decreases to 12%, and in people without disabilities it remains at 16.7%.
"People with disabilities have greater difficulties in creating companies", explains the UMU researcher, Pilar Ortiz García, who adds that age is also a determining factor: "Every time you start with more age, a problem in people with or without disability, which makes the company have less travel.
The analysis has been possible thanks to the Nominal Group Technique (TGN) and in-depth interviews with different profiles related to the group of disabled people (people with disabilities, professionals in the sector, political and association representatives, etc.).
In this way, the results point to several factors, among which those responsible include institutional-legal, personal-psychological, and socioeconomic.
Adaptability and normalization
With the objective of dissecting the competences and finding out which power the enterprise, the ECI (Emotional Competence Intelligence) test was adapted.
Among them, adaptability stands out as one of the most important.
"It is the medium that must adapt to the person with disabilities, not the other way around, and put the necessary means so that this adaptability is carried out", highlights the sociologist and UMU professor Ángel Olaz.
In addition, other competencies were identified such as optimism, achievement capacity and empathy.
The team of researchers points out that standardization is essential.
"If we stick to the data, that normalization does not exist," says researcher Ortiz.
In this sense, there are a series of actions that can contribute to a better insertion to the group of people with disabilities, such as access to information on public and private resources, and the adaptation of jobs and programs to publicize the real possibilities of entrepreneurship for disabled people.
Manuela Avilés, researcher at the UMU and coordinator of this phase of the project, in which the in-depth interviews have had a prominent presence, points out the importance of working with empowerment from a psychological perspective, "of how important it is for them to feel supported and accompanied, feel capable at all times. "
Empathy through family members, but also from associations and from the Administration is a key issue.
Currently the research project is in the quantitative phase, through a national survey in which the sponsorship of ONCE and other organizations such as FAMDIF COCEMFE and CERMI should be highlighted.
Through a questionnaire designed for this purpose, the experts will determine more precisely the aspects that limit entrepreneurship, as well as the entrepreneurial skills that will allow to reverse such situation
The results of the qualitative phase have been published in the monograph 'Disability and Entrepreneurship.
Dimensions and interpretive contexts in qualitative key '.
This project, started in 2016 and funded by the Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness, has an interdisciplinary team consisting of 20 researchers from the University of Murcia (Sociology departments, Business and Finance Organization, Finance and Public Sector Economics and Applied Economics ) and the Polytechnic University of Cartagena (Department of Business Economics).
Source: Universidad de Murcia
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